4 MARCH 1851

The GSI was founded in 1851 by the British East India Company to conduct geological surveys of India. It was initially known as the "Geological Survey of India and Museum," and its primary objective was to explore and map the mineral resources of the country. Over time, the organization's mandate expanded to include research on the geological structure, natural hazards, and environmental geology.

Functions: The Geological Survey of India is responsible for conducting surveys, exploration, and research in the field of geology across India. Its main functions are:

1. Geological Mapping: The GSI maps the geological formations, mineral resources, and natural hazards in different regions of India using various techniques such as fieldwork, remote sensing, and geophysical surveys.

2. Mineral Exploration: The organization is also involved in mineral exploration and prospecting in different parts of the country. It identifies potential mineral resources, assesses their quality and quantity, and provides information to the government and industry.

3. Research and Development: The GSI conducts research on various aspects of geology such as tectonics, mineralogy, petrology, geophysics, and geochemistry. It also develops new techniques and technologies for geological exploration and mapping.

4. Geological Services: The organization provides various geological services such as groundwater exploration, geophysical surveys, mineral analysis, and remote sensing surveys.

5. Publication and Dissemination of Information: The GSI maintains a national repository of geoscientific information and publishes various geological maps, reports, and publications. It also provides training and education in the field of geology.

Structure: The GSI is headquartered in Kolkata and has regional offices in various parts of the country. It is organized into different departments such as Geological Mapping, Mineral Exploration, Geophysics, Geochemistry, and Groundwater. Each department is responsible for specific functions related to geology.

Collaborations: The GSI collaborates with various government agencies and international organizations to promote scientific research and exploration in the field of geology. It also works closely with the Indian Bureau of Mines and the Ministry of Mines to provide information on mineral resources and exploration.

Overall, the Geological Survey of India plays a vital role in the exploration and mapping of India's geology and mineral resources. Its research and services help in the sustainable development of the country's natural resources and protection from geological hazards.

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