Second Sikh Guru AngadDevji,31 March 1504

He was the second of the ten Sikh Gurus, Guru Angad Dev Ji. He was born in the year 1504 in the village of Sarae Naga, which is now known as Muktsar, in Punjab, India. He was originally named Lehna and belonged to a Hindu Khatri family.

Lehna was a devoted follower of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the first Sikh Guru. He first met Guru Nanak Dev Ji when he was working as a trader in the city of Khadur Sahib, where Guru Nanak Dev Ji was staying at the time. Lehna was immediately drawn to the teachings of Guru Nanak Dev Ji and became his disciple.

Over time, Lehna became a trusted disciple of Guru Nanak Dev Ji and was appointed as the head of the Sikh community, known as the panj piare or "five beloved ones.Lehna was chosen as Guru Nanak Dev Ji's successor after his passing in 1539, and given the name Angad, which literally translates to "part of the body”.

As the second Sikh Guru, Guru Angad Dev Ji continued the work of his predecessor, spreading the message of Sikhism and establishing new communities of Sikhs. He also wrote many hymns, which were included in the Sikh holy book, the Guru Granth Sahib.

The creation of the Gurmukhi script, which is still used to write the Punjabi language and is the script used in the Guru Granth Sahib, was one of Guru Angad Dev Ji's most significant contributions. Guru Angad Dev Ji worked to develop a script that could be used to write Punjabi and Gurbani because he understood the value of keeping the teachings of the Sikh Gurus in written form (the hymns of the Sikh Gurus).

Guru Angad Dev Ji lived a simple and humble life, and he emphasized the importance of service and devotion to God in his teachings. He also worked to promote equality and justice, and he welcomed people from all walks of life into the Sikh community.

Guru Angad Dev Ji passed away in 1552 at the age of 48. He was succeeded by Guru Amar Das Ji, who continued the work of spreading the teachings of Sikhism and building the Sikh community. Today, Guru Angad Dev Ji is remembered as one of the great spiritual leaders of Sikhism, whose contributions helped to shape the Sikh faith and community.

Best Film Maker Satyajit Ray, 30 March 1992

One of the best filmmakers of the 20th century, Satyajit Ray was an Indian director, screenwriter, composer of music, and writer.He is remembered for his contributions to Bengali cinema, which are just as relevant today as they were during his lifetime.

On 30 March 1992, Satyajit Ray was awarded the Honorary Oscar Award for Lifetime Achievement in recognition of his outstanding contribution to world cinema. The award was a fitting tribute to a filmmaker who had captured the hearts of audiences around the world with his films.

Satyajit Ray's contributions to cinema were many, but perhaps his greatest legacy is the films he directed, most of which focus on the lives of ordinary people in rural West Bengal. He was a master of storytelling, known for his subtle and nuanced portrayals of human emotions and relationships. His films are timeless works of art that have continued to inspire filmmakers around the world.

Satyajit Ray was not just a filmmaker, but also a prolific writer. He authored several books in Bengali, including a collection of short stories, and was fluent in English, which allowed him to translate his work into the English language.

In conclusion, Satyajit Ray's contribution to world cinema, his storytelling abilities, and his amazing body of work continue to inspire filmmakers and audiences alike. He was a truly deserving recipient of the Honorary Oscar Award and a legendary figure in the world of cinema.

Russia vs Germany, 29 march 1942

 During World War II, the German 4th Army and Soviet Red Army engaged in a brutal conflict that would go down in history as one of the deadliest battles of the war.

It was the summer of 1942, and the German 4th Army, under the command of General Gotthard Heinrici, was pushing eastward towards Stalingrad, a key industrial city in the Soviet Union. The Soviet Red Army, led by General Georgy Zhukov, was determined to stop the Germans at all costs.

The two armies clashed on the outskirts of Stalingrad, and what followed was a grueling and bloody battle that lasted for months. The Germans had superior firepower and were well-trained, but the Soviet soldiers were highly motivated and willing to sacrifice their lives for their country.

As the battle raged on, the Germans began to gain ground, and it looked as though they might be able to take Stalingrad. But the Soviets refused to give up, and they launched a surprise attack that caught the Germans off guard.

The Germans were forced to retreat, and the Soviets pursued them relentlessly. The German soldiers were exhausted and demoralized, and many of them began to desert or surrender.

In the end, the Soviet Red Army emerged victorious, but the cost was high. The battle had claimed the lives of over 1 million soldiers on both sides, and the city of Stalingrad lay in ruins.

The battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in the war, and it marked the beginning of the end for the German army. The Soviet Union would go on to win the war, but at a great cost. The memory of the battle of Stalingrad would live on for generations, a testament to the bravery and sacrifice of the soldiers who fought and died there.

Earthquake in Indonesia, 28 March 2005

 

The 2005 earthquake in Sumatra, Indonesia, was a natural disaster that shook the world to its core. On March 28th, 2005, a massive earthquake, with a magnitude of 8.7 on the Richter scale, struck the western coast of Sumatra, triggering a tsunami that devastated coastal regions of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and other countries in the Indian Ocean region.

The earthquake itself was incredibly powerful, causing significant damage to buildings and infrastructure across the affected region. However, it was the tsunami that followed that caused the most devastation. The waves reached up to 100 feet in height and traveled several miles inland, destroying everything in their path.

The impact of the disaster was staggering. More than 230,000 people lost their lives, with millions more displaced from their homes. Entire communities were wiped out, and the disaster had far-reaching implications for the entire region.

The international community rallied to provide aid and support to the affected areas. Governments and organizations from around the world sent emergency supplies, medical personnel, and financial assistance to help with the relief efforts. It was a remarkable display of solidarity and support from people of all nations.

In the aftermath of the disaster, there was a renewed focus on disaster preparedness and early warning systems. The lack of a comprehensive warning system meant that many people were caught off guard by the tsunami and were unable to evacuate in time. As a result, significant efforts have been made to improve early warning systems and disaster preparedness in the region.

The disaster was a stark reminder of the power of nature and the need for greater global cooperation in responding to crises. It showed that disasters can strike at any time and that it is essential to be prepared for the unexpected. The tragedy also highlighted the importance of humanitarian efforts, as people from all over the world came together to help those affected by the disaster.

Today, the region has largely recovered from the disaster. However, the legacy of the 2005 earthquake and tsunami lives on. It serves as a reminder of the importance of disaster preparedness, early warning systems, and global solidarity in the face of natural disasters. We must continue to work together to ensure that we are better equipped to respond to crises and support those in need.

The Tenerife airport disaster, 27 March 1977

 On March 27, 1977, two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Tenerife airport in the Canary Islands, resulting in the deadliest aviation accident in history. The collision killed 583 people and left only 61 survivors, most of whom sustained serious injuries.

The two aircraft involved in the collision were a KLM Boeing 747 and a Pan Am Boeing 747. The KLM flight was scheduled to depart for Amsterdam, while the Pan Am flight was waiting to take off for Los Angeles. However, due to a bomb threat at the nearby Gran Canaria airport, both flights were diverted to Tenerife, causing the airport to become overcrowded with parked planes and stranded passengers.

As the two aircraft taxied on the runway, the KLM captain attempted to take off without clearance from air traffic control, mistaking the controller's response as permission to depart. The Pan Am crew, meanwhile, was instructed to exit the runway at the third taxiway, but missed it due to poor visibility caused by heavy fog. This resulted in the KLM aircraft colliding with the Pan Am aircraft as it was still on the runway.

The collision caused a massive explosion and fire, killing everyone on board the Pan Am flight and most of those on board the KLM flight. The crash investigation revealed that the KLM captain's decision to take off without clearance was the primary cause of the accident, although other contributing factors were also identified, including miscommunication between the air traffic controllers and the pilots, as well as the crowded and chaotic airport conditions.

The Tenerife airport disaster was a tragic event that had a profound impact on the aviation industry. As a result of the crash, new safety regulations were implemented, such as the standardization of international aviation phraseology and the requirement for crew resource management training for all pilots. These changes have helped to prevent similar accidents from occurring in the future.

Today, we remember the victims of the Tenerife airport disaster and honor the brave first responders who risked their lives to save those who survived. We also recognize the ongoing efforts of the aviation industry to improve safety and prevent accidents, so that tragedies like this one may never happen again.

Delhi became the capital, 26 March 1931

 

The story of how New Delhi became the capital of British-Indies begins with the British Raj, which refers to the period of British colonial rule in India from 1858 to 1947. During this time, the British administration was headquartered in Calcutta, which was then the capital of British-Indies.

However, there were several reasons why the British government began to consider moving the capital to a different location. One of the main reasons was that Calcutta was situated on the eastern coast of India, which made it vulnerable to attacks from foreign powers. Additionally, the city was congested and overcrowded, with poor living conditions and high rates of disease.

In 1911, King George V and Queen Mary visited India for the Delhi Durbar, a grand ceremony to celebrate their coronation as Emperor and Empress of India. It was during this visit that the idea of building a new capital in Delhi was first proposed.

The plan for New Delhi was created by British architect Edwin Lutyens, who envisioned a grand city with wide, tree-lined avenues, spacious government buildings, and grand monuments. Construction on the new city began in 1912 and continued for over 20 years.

However, the move to New Delhi as the capital of British-Indies did not happen immediately. It wasn't until March 26, 1931, that King George V officially inaugurated the new capital in a grand ceremony known as the Delhi Durbar of 1931.

The move to New Delhi was significant for several reasons. Firstly, it marked a shift in the balance of power in India, with the new capital being located in the north instead of the east. It also reflected a desire to create a new, modern city that embodied British imperial power and prestige.

However, the move was also controversial. Some Indians felt that the construction of New Delhi was a waste of resources and a symbol of British imperialism. Others saw it as a chance to modernize and develop India, and many Indians were employed in the construction of the new capital.

Despite the controversy, New Delhi remained the capital of British-Indies until India gained independence in 1947. Today, it is the capital of India and a vibrant city that reflects both its colonial past and its vibrant, diverse present.

The Greek War of Independence, 25 March 1821

 The Greek War of Independence was a long and difficult struggle by the Greek people to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire. The origins of the war can be traced back to the late 18th century, when Greek intellectuals began to look to the ideals of the Enlightenment for inspiration and a sense of national identity started to emerge.

On 25 March 1821, a group of Greek rebels launched an uprising against Ottoman rule. The immediate cause of the revolt was the execution of two Greek bishops by the Ottoman authorities, but the underlying causes were much deeper. The Greeks had long chafed under Ottoman rule, which they saw as oppressive and tyrannical.

The rebellion began in the Peloponnese, where local leaders organized a force of around 20,000 men to fight against the Ottomans. The Greeks achieved some early successes, capturing the town of Kalamata and defeating a larger Ottoman force at Valtetsi. However, the Ottomans soon responded with a massive military campaign, led by the powerful Ottoman-Egyptian governor Ibrahim Pasha.

The war quickly spread throughout Greece, with rebels taking up arms in other regions such as central Greece and the islands. The Greeks were heavily outnumbered and outgunned, but they were fiercely determined to win their independence. The war was characterized by a series of brutal atrocities on both sides, including massacres of civilians and prisoners of war.

Despite the odds against them, the Greeks received significant international support. Philhellenes, or foreign supporters of Greek independence, flocked to Greece to fight alongside the rebels. The most famous of these was Lord Byron, the British poet, who spent time in Greece and died there.

After nearly a decade of fighting, the Greeks finally achieved their independence in 1830, when the Great Powers recognized Greece as an independent state. The war had been a brutal and costly one, with estimates suggesting that around 20,000 Greeks and 40,000 Ottomans lost their lives. However, the Greeks had succeeded in breaking free from Ottoman rule and establishing a new, independent nation.

World Tuberculosis (TB) Day, 24 March 1982

 

World Tuberculosis (TB) Day is observed on March 24th every year to raise awareness about the global epidemic of tuberculosis and efforts to eliminate the disease. The history of World TB Day dates back to 1982 when the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD) launched the first World TB Day on March 24th to commemorate the discovery of the TB bacterium by Robert Koch in 1882.

TB is a contagious and deadly disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease mainly affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body such as the brain, kidneys, and spine. TB spreads through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), TB is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, responsible for more deaths than HIV/AIDS. In 2020, an estimated 10 million people fell ill with TB, and 1.4 million people died from the disease.

World TB Day aims to raise public awareness about the devastating impact of TB on public health and the need for global efforts to eliminate the disease. On this day, health organizations, NGOs, and governments around the world organize events, campaigns, and educational programs to raise awareness about TB, promote early detection and treatment, and advocate for greater investment in TB research and development.

The theme for World TB Day changes every year to highlight a specific aspect of TB prevention and treatment. Some recent themes include "It's Time" to end TB, "Wanted: Leaders for a TB-free world," and "The Clock is Ticking."

In conclusion, World TB Day serves as a reminder of the global impact of TB and the need for urgent action to eliminate the disease. By increasing awareness, improving diagnosis and treatment, and investing in research and development, we can work towards a world free of TB.

Last Breath of Bhagat Singh, 23 March 1928

 

The story of Bhagat Singh's bombing on Lahore dates back to October 30, 1928, when Lala Lajpat Rai, a prominent Indian nationalist leader, was leading a protest against the Simon Commission, a British government-appointed committee that was supposed to investigate the political situation in India. However, the commission did not have any Indian representation, which sparked outrage and led to widespread protests across the country.

During the protest, Lajpat Rai was severely beaten by police officers, which led to his death a few weeks later. Bhagat Singh, who was a close associate of Lajpat Rai, was deeply disturbed by his death and vowed to avenge him.

On December 17, 1928, Bhagat Singh, along with Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar, planned to carry out an assassination attempt on the superintendent of police, James A. Scott, who was responsible for Lajpat Rai's death. However, they mistook John P. Saunders, a junior police officer, for Scott and shot him dead.

After this incident, Bhagat Singh and his associates fled to different parts of the country and continued to engage in revolutionary activities. After the bombing on delhi assembly on april 1929 On April 1929 bhagat singh and Batukeshwar dutt bombed on delhi assembly and got arrested

After a prolonged trial, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev Thapar, and Shivaram Rajguru were sentenced to death by hanging. Despite widespread protests and appeals for mercy, the British colonial government executed the three freedom fighters on March 23, 1931, at the Lahore Central Jail.

Despite their conviction, Bhagat Singh and his comrades continued to inspire many Indians in their fight for independence. Their story became a symbol of resistance against British colonialism, and their sacrifice inspired many other Indians to take up the cause of independence.

Today, Bhagat Singh is remembered as a hero and martyr in India, and his legacy continues to inspire people all over the world to fight for justice and freedom.

World Water Day, 22 March 1992

 

World Water Day is an annual observance celebrated on March 22nd that aims to highlight the importance of freshwater and promote sustainable management of freshwater resources. The history of World Water Day dates back to 1992 when the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

During this conference, the UN General Assembly declared March 22nd as World Water Day to raise awareness about the importance of water in our lives and promote sustainable use of freshwater resources. The theme for World Water Day changes each year, focusing on a specific aspect of water management, conservation, or sustainability.

The objective of World Water Day is to address the global water crisis, which affects millions of people around the world. According to the United Nations, by 2025, nearly two-thirds of the world's population could be living under water-stressed conditions.

World Water Day provides an opportunity for individuals, organizations, and governments to come together and take action to conserve water, reduce pollution, and support water-related initiatives that aim to improve the lives of people who lack access to safe and clean water.

On this day, people are encouraged to take simple actions like turning off the tap while brushing teeth, fixing leaks, reducing water usage while showering, and supporting water conservation initiatives in their community.

In addition to promoting individual action, World Water Day also serves as a platform for experts, researchers, and policymakers to come together and discuss innovative solutions to address the global water crisis.

In conclusion, World Water Day serves as a reminder of the importance of water and the need to ensure sustainable use of freshwater resources. By working together, we can address the global water crisis and ensure access to clean and safe water for all.

India Emergency relaxation , 21 March 1977

The story of emergency declared in India starts in the early 1970s when Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister of India, was facing growing opposition and criticism from various political factions and social groups. In 1975, the Allahabad High Court found Indira Gandhi guilty of electoral malpractices and declared her election to the parliament as void.

The verdict triggered widespread protests and calls for her resignation, and the opposition parties demanded fresh elections. However, Indira Gandhi refused to step down and instead appealed to the Supreme Court. In the meantime, the protests and strikes intensified, and the country was on the brink of a political and social crisis.

On June 25, 1975, Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency in India under Article 352 of the Constitution, citing "internal disturbance" as the reason. She argued that the emergency was necessary to maintain law and order and to protect the country's unity and integrity.

During the emergency period, civil liberties and fundamental rights were suspended, and the government censored the press, banned political meetings and rallies, and arrested thousands of opposition leaders and activists. The government also launched a forced sterilization campaign to control the population growth, which led to widespread human rights violations.

The emergency was lifted in March 1977, after Indira Gandhi's government lost the general elections to the Janata Party, which campaigned against the emergency and promised to restore civil liberties and democratic rights.

The emergency period is often seen as a dark chapter in India's democratic history, marked by widespread human rights violations, suppression of civil liberties, and authoritarianism. The emergency led to a strengthening of the democratic institutions in India, and the people of India became more vigilant of their rights and the need to protect democracy.

The invasion of iraq, 20 March 2003

 The invasion of Iraq in 2003 was a military operation by a coalition of forces led by the United States, with support from the United Kingdom, Australia, and Poland, among others. The invasion was based on the belief that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and posed a threat to global security.

The United States, under President George W. Bush, argued that Iraq's possession of WMDs was a grave danger to the world and that Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi dictator, had ties to terrorist groups, including Al-Qaeda. The United Nations Security Council passed several resolutions calling on Iraq to disarm its WMDs, but Iraq refused to comply fully.

In March 2003, the United States launched a preemptive strike against Iraq, dubbed Operation Iraqi Freedom. The invasion began with a massive aerial bombardment, followed by a ground invasion of American and coalition forces. The Iraqi military was quickly defeated, and Saddam Hussein was forced into hiding.

However, no WMDs were found in Iraq, and the evidence presented by the United States and its allies to support the invasion was later called into question. The invasion was widely criticized by many countries, including several European nations, and sparked protests around the world.

The aftermath of the invasion was characterized by sectarian violence, insurgency, and instability in Iraq. Thousands of Iraqis were killed, and the country remained mired in conflict for years. The invasion and its aftermath have been the subject of intense debate and controversy, with some arguing that it was a necessary step to protect global security, while others have called it an unjustified and illegal war.

India-Bangladesh Treaty, 19 MARCH 1972

 

The India-Bangladesh Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Peace was signed on March 19, 1972, after Bangladesh declared its independence from Pakistan. The treaty was signed by the Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and it remains an important milestone in the relationship between the two countries

One of the key provisions of the treaty was the recognition of Bangladesh as an independent and sovereign state by India. India also agreed to provide economic and military assistance to Bangladesh to help it rebuild after the war with Pakistan.

The treaty also established a Joint Rivers Commission to manage the water resources shared by the two countries. This commission has been instrumental in resolving disputes over the sharing of river waters, particularly the Ganges River.

In addition, the treaty established a framework for transit between India and Bangladesh. This has been critical for trade between the two countries, as India is the largest trading partner of Bangladesh. The treaty has also facilitated the movement of goods and people between India's northeastern states and the rest of the country.

Over the years, the India-Bangladesh treaty has been amended several times to reflect changing circumstances and to deepen cooperation between the two countries. The most recent amendment was signed in 2020, which updated the treaty to include provisions on the use of the Chittagong and Mongla ports by India, as well as the establishment of new border haats (markets) between the two countries.

Overall, the India-Bangladesh treaty has been a significant milestone in the history of the two countries, establishing a framework for peaceful and cooperative relations that has endured for over five decades.

Birth of Rudolf Diesel, 18 March 1858

 Rudolf Diesel

was a German engineer who invented the Diesel Engine, an internal combustion engine that revolutionized the way we transport goods and people. Diesel was born in Paris, France, in 1858 to German parents. His family moved to London when he was 12 years old, where he received his early education. Diesel later attended the Royal Bavarian Polytechnic of Munich, where he studied engineering.

After completing his studies, Diesel worked for several engineering firms, including the refrigeration company Linde AG. He became interested in the efficiency of engines and began working on a new type of engine that would use a more efficient process than the traditional gasoline engines. His goal was to create an engine that would consume less fuel and produce more power.

In 1892, Diesel developed the first prototype of his engine, which ran on peanut oil. The engine used compression ignition, a process where fuel is injected into a cylinder and ignited by the heat of the compressed air. This process allowed the engine to use less fuel than traditional gasoline engines, while still producing more power.

Diesel continued to refine his engine over the next several years, and in 1897 he received a patent for his invention. The diesel engine quickly gained popularity in the shipping industry, where it was used to power ships and boats. The engine was also used in the manufacturing industry, where it powered generators and other machinery.

In 1913, Diesel disappeared while traveling by ship from Antwerp to London. His body was later found in the English Channel, and it was believed that he had committed suicide. To this day, the circumstances of his death are unknown.

Despite his tragic end, Diesel's invention has had a lasting impact on the world. The diesel engine is now used in a wide range of applications, from cars and trucks to power plants and ships. It is one of the most efficient and reliable engines ever invented, and its legacy lives on more than a century after Diesel's death aa

Kaplana Chawla,17 March 1962

Kalpana Chawla was an Indian-American astronaut who made history as the first woman of Indian origin to go to space. She was born in Karnal, Haryana, India, on March 17, 1962, to parents who encouraged her to pursue her dreams and education.

Kalpana showed a keen interest in science and flying from a young age. She earned a degree in aeronautical engineering from Punjab Engineering College in India and went on to earn a Master's degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington. She later obtained a Ph.D. in aerospace engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder.

Kalpana's talent and hard work led her to NASA, where she became a naturalized US citizen and went on to become an astronaut. She flew her first space mission in 1997 as a mission specialist on the space shuttle Columbia. She became the first woman of Indian origin to go to space and spent over 30 days orbiting the Earth.

Kalpana's passion for space exploration led her to embark on her second space mission in 2003, as a mission specialist on the STS-107 mission. Tragically, the mission ended in disaster when the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven crew members, including Kalpana.

Kalpana Chawla's legacy as an astronaut and a trailblazer for women and people of Indian origin in the field of space exploration lives on. She continues to inspire generations of young women and men to pursue their dreams and reach for the stars.

National Vaccination Day, 16 March 1995

National Vaccination Day, also known as National Immunization Day, is observed in India every year on March 16th. The day is of great significance as it marks the launch of the first dose of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) in India's Universal Immunization Program (UIP) on March 16, 1995.

Before the launch of the OPV, India was one of the countries with the highest number of polio cases in the world. The Pulse Polio Immunization Program (PPIP) was launched in 1985 to immunize children under the age of five against polio. The PPIP was initially carried out on a small scale and was later expanded to cover the entire country.

In 1995, India switched from the injectable polio vaccine (IPV) to the more effective and affordable Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). The launch of the first dose of OPV on March 16, 1995, marked a significant milestone in India's fight against polio. Since then, the National Vaccination Day is observed every year to promote the importance of immunization and to encourage parents and caregivers to get their children vaccinated against preventable diseases.

India's sustained efforts to eradicate polio have been successful, and the country was declared polio-free in 2014. The National Vaccination Day is now an important day in India's public health calendar, and mass immunization campaigns are conducted on this day to reach out to children in remote and underserved areas. These campaigns are an integral part of India's efforts to promote the importance of vaccination and to ensure that every child receives lifesaving vaccines.

Apart from polio, the National Vaccination Day also focuses on promoting the importance of other vaccines such as measles, rubella, tetanus, diphtheria, and hepatitis B, among others. The government conducts these mass immunization campaigns as part of its commitment to eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases and to ensure that every child receives the essential vaccines they need to stay healthy.

In summary, the National Vaccination Day in India is a day to celebrate the country's success in eliminating polio and to promote the importance of vaccination to ensure that every child is protected against preventable diseases

Rawalpindi Massacres, 15 March 1947

 The Rawalpindi massacres of 1947 were a series of violent attacks that occurred in the city of Rawalpindi, which was then part of British India and is now in Pakistan. The massacres were part of the larger violence that erupted during the partition of India and the creation of the independent nations of India and Pakistan.

In March 1947, communal violence broke out in Rawalpindi between the city's Hindu and Muslim communities. The violence was sparked by a dispute over a mosque that had been claimed by both the Hindu and Muslim communities. As tensions rose, mobs attacked and looted each other's neighborhoods.

The violence quickly escalated, and by late March, the city was in a state of complete chaos. On March 25, 1947, a large mob of Muslims attacked the predominantly Hindu Mohalla Kanjran neighborhood. The mob set fire to homes and businesses and killed dozens of people, including women and children.

Over the next few days, more violence erupted in the city, with both Hindus and Muslims attacking each other's communities. The British authorities, who were in charge of maintaining law and order at the time, were overwhelmed by the scale of the violence and were unable to stop it.

By the time the violence finally subsided, hundreds of people had been killed, and thousands had been forced to flee their homes. The Rawalpindi massacres were one of the deadliest episodes of violence that occurred during the partition of India, which led to the largest mass migration in human history and resulted in the displacement of millions of people. The events of 1947 continue to shape the history and identity of both India and Pakistan to this day

Birth of Einstein, 14 March 1879

 

Theoretical physicist Albert Einstein, who was born in Germany, is largely recognised as one of the most important researchers of the 20th century. He is famous for his theories of special and general relativity, which have had a profound impact on our understanding of the nature of space and time, as well as his equation E=mc², which describes the relationship between mass and energy.

Jewish middle-class family in Ulm, Germany, where Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, he was a curious and independent thinker, but he struggled in school and often clashed with his teachers. When his family moved to Italy in search of better economic opportunities, Einstein dropped out of school and moved to Switzerland, where he eventually enrolled in the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich.

While at the Polytechnic, Einstein developed his ideas about the nature of space and time, and in 1905, he published a series of groundbreaking papers that revolutionized the field of physics. In addition to his work on relativity, Einstein made important contributions to the study of the photoelectric effect, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921.

As a Jewish scientist living in Nazi Germany, Einstein was forced to flee to the United States in 1933. He took a position at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University, where he continued his work on theoretical physics and became involved in political activism. Einstein was a vocal opponent of nuclear weapons and a strong advocate for civil rights and international cooperation.

Einstein remained active in science and public life until his death in 1955 at the age of 76. Today, he is remembered as one of the most brilliant and creative thinkers in the history of science, and his work continues to inspire new discoveries and innovations in fields ranging from physics to philosophy

Revenge of Jallianwala Bagh, 13 March 1940

 

Udham Singh was an Indian revolutionary who is remembered for his assassination of Sir Michael O'Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, in 1940. The assassination was an act of revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919, in which hundreds of unarmed Indian civilians were killed by British troops under the command of O'Dwyer.

Udham Singh was born in Sunam, Punjab, in 1899. He lost his parents at a young age and was brought up in an orphanage. As a young man, he became involved in the Indian independence movement and joined the Ghadar Party, a revolutionary group that aimed to overthrow British rule in India.

In 1927, Udham Singh went to England, where he became involved in political activism and worked to raise awareness about the Indian independence movement. He also worked as a laborer and lived in poverty.

On April 13, 1919, a peaceful gathering of thousands of people took place in the Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden in Amritsar, Punjab, to protest against the arrest and deportation of two national leaders. The British government declared a curfew in the city and sent troops to disperse the crowd. Without warning, the soldiers opened fire on the unarmed civilians, killing hundreds of people.

Udham Singh was deeply affected by the massacre and vowed to avenge the deaths of his fellow Indians. On March 13, 1940, he tracked down and shot Sir Michael O'Dwyer at a public event in London. O'Dwyer had been the Lieutenant Governor of Punjab at the time of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and had approved the use of force against the peaceful protestors.

Udham Singh was arrested and tried for the murder of Sir Michael O'Dwyer. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. On July 31, 1940, he was hanged at Pentonville Prison in London.

Today, Udham Singh is remembered as a hero in India and is celebrated for his courage and commitment to the cause of Indian independence